Aspect ratio: squarer isn't always better
Many people assume a nearly square footprint is the most efficient, but for daylight distribution an aspect ratio between 1.2 and 1.6 usually works better. A very elongated plan leaves the middle rooms under-lit, while an overly square plan limits how flexibly you can arrange windows and cross-ventilation. Start with a length that fits your site, then derive the width from that ratio — for a 10 m length, a width of 6.5–8.3 m is a reasonable range.
Orientation: protect the main living spaces first
- Living rooms and master bedrooms should face south or southeast to capture the longest daylight hours.
- Kitchens and bathrooms can take the less favorable orientations, improving overall plan efficiency.
- If the site orientation isn't ideal, compensate with a larger window-to-wall ratio, skylights, or reflected light from the courtyard.
Floor height: balancing comfort and cost
A standard residential floor height of 2.8–3.0 m gives a comfortable sense of space without adding much cost. If you want a double-height living room, go up to 3.6 m or more locally, but be aware it increases wall, stair and HVAC costs. Higher isn't always better — overly tall bedrooms are harder to keep warm in winter.
Choosing the number of floors
The number of floors depends on household size as well as site area and floor-area-ratio limits. A two-story house naturally separates living areas (living room, kitchen, dining) from rest areas (bedrooms), reducing noise conflicts; a single-story house suits families prioritizing accessibility.